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Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) is an umbrella non-governmental organization based in Kampala, Uganda. Victor Mukasa Prof. Sylvia Tamale were among the founders. SMUG is currently headed by Executive Director Frank Mugisha and Deputy Director Pepe Julian Onziema who both took office in 2007. Advocacy Officer David Kato was the Advocacy and Litigation Officer until his murder in January 2011. SMUG advocates for the protection and promotion of human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Ugandans. Founded in 2004, is a network composed several member organizations: * Icebreakers Uganda, concerned with LGBT research and youth issues. * Freedom and Roam Uganda, dedicated to the rights of lesbian, transgender, and intersex women * Spectrum Uganda, focused on the health and well-being of LGBT people in Uganda (co-founded by John “Longjones” Abdallah Wambere) *Transgender Initiative Uganda addresses transgender issues. ==History== (Victor Mukasa ), a trans man activist, founded Sexual Minorities Uganda on 3 March 2004, in Kampala at the Kaival restaurant and Internet cafe. The earliest members included Val Kalende. Kamuhangire.E and David Kato, who were among the first board members. Members of SMUG achieved controversy through their activism and legal troubles for much of the organization's history, and the profile of the organization in the later-2000s due to the rise of homophobic populism in the country and the introduction of the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill in the Parliament by David Bahati. The Ugandan newspaper ''Rolling Stone'', a publication unrelated to the American magazine of the same name, which rejected the Ugandan paper and called its actions as "horrific", published a gallery of "100 Pictures of Uganda's Top Homos Leak" and stated "Hang Them",〔("Gays in Uganda say they're living in fear" ), Godfrey Olukya & Jason Straziuso, ''MSNBC'', Associated Press〕〔("Ugandan paper calls for gay people to be hanged" ), Xan Rice, guardian.co.uk, 21 October 2010〕 In response, four members of SMUG whose faces appeared in the magazine, David Kato Kisule, Kasha Nabagesera, Nabirye Mariam and Pepe Julian Onziema "Patience", filed a petition with seeking to force the paper to cease distribution of the article. The High Court granted the petition on 2 November 2010, effectively ending the publication of Ugandan ''Rolling Stone''.〔("Uganda court orders anti-gay paper to shut" ), Reuters, 2 November 2010〕〔("Judge orders Ugandan paper to stop publishing 'gay lists'" ), ''CNN International'', 2 November 2010〕 At 1 p.m. on 26 January 2011, Kato, whose picture had been featured on the cover of the issue of ''Rolling Stone'' in question, was assaulted in his home in Mukono Town by his acquaintance Sidney Nsubuga Enoch, 22, who hit him twice in the head with a hammer found in David Kato's bathroom, before fleeing on foot. The apparent motive was a disagreement about sexual services and robbery.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Gay activist murderer sentenced to 30 years )〕 Kato died en route to the Kawolo Hospital. The murder was decried by Human Rights Watch〔(【引用サイトリンク】Uganda: Promptly Investigate Killing of Prominent LGBT Activist )〕 and senior Africa researcher Maria Burnett said that "David Kato's death is a tragic loss to the human rights community". On 15 September 2011, SMUG's Executive Director Frank Mugisha was named the recipient of the annual Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award for his activism.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Ugandan LGBTI Rights Activist Frank Mugisha to Receive 2011 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award )〕 Mugisha also received the Rafto Prize for Human Rights on behalf of SMUG on 6 September 2011.〔(【引用サイトリンク】The 2011 Rafto Prize to Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) and their leader Frank Mugisha )〕 In 2012,〔 SMUG and several Ugandans including, Onziema, Mukasa and Mugisha, together with the Center for Constitutional Rights, initiated legal action in U.S. Federal District Court using the Alien Tort Statute to sue American evangelist Scott Lively for crimes against humanity for his work on the Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill. Lively's work has been described as inciting the persecution of gay men and lesbians and as "conduct ... actively trying to harm and deprive other people of their rights". In August 2013, Judge Michael A. Ponsor ruled that the plaintiffs were on solid ground under international and federal law in rejecting a jurisdictional challenge to the suit; he also ruled that First Amendment defenses for Lively's conduct were premature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sexual Minorities Uganda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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